Egypt’s growing debt crisis has prompted el-Sisi’s government to use tax sukuk to bring future tax revenues forward, a controversial measure critics say risks repeating Khedive Ismail’s debt-driven policies by shifting today’s financial burdens onto future state revenues.

Senegal has been witnessing widespread disputes for weeks between Bassirou Diomaye Faye and Ousmane Sonko, in political and constitutional developments that have raised growing fears of a direct confrontation between the two leaders.